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Pokharkar, D. S.

• Occurrence of Acerophagus papayae Noyes and Schauff (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on Papaya Mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara De Willink, in Pune Region of Maharashtra State

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Authors

D. S. Pokharkar ¹, R. V. Nakat ¹, N. D. Tamboli ¹, A. S. Dhane ¹, S. S. Jadhav ¹, A. G. Chandele ¹, R. J. Rabindra ²

Affiliations
1 All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Biological Control of Crop Pests and Weeds, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, College of Agriculture, Pune 411 005, Maharashtra, IN
2 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 24, No 3 (2010), Pagination: 291

Abstract

Papaya ( Carica papaya L.) is grown over 2300 ha in Maharashtra and almost 50% of the crop is utilized for papain production. Recently, the papaya crop was found to be infested by the invasive papaya mealybug (PMB), Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink. The PMB was first noticed in Maharashtra in the papaya orchard at Regional Fruit Research Station (RFRS), Ganeshkhind, Pune on 14 ^th July, 2010 by a survey team of scientists of the All India Co-ordinated Research Programme on Biological Control of Crop Pests and Weeds, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, College of Agriculture, Pune.

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• Recovery of the Exotic Parasitoid Pseudleptomastix mexicana Noyes and Schauff (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on the Invasive Papaya Mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams And Granara De Willink in India

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Authors

M. Mani ¹, A. Krishnamoorthy ², C. Shivaraju ¹, A. N. Shylesha ¹, D. S. Pokharkar ³

Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, P.O. Box No. 2491, Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, IN
2 Division of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore 560 089, IN
3 AICRP on Biological Control, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, College of Agriculture, Pune 411 005, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 27, No 1 (2013), Pagination: 46–47

Abstract

The encyrtid Pseudleptomastix mexicana Noyes and Schauff was recovered for the first time from the papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink in India in 2011-12 after 10 to 20 months of release in Bangalore and also in Pune in April 2012. However, parasitism by P. mexicana on P. marginatus did not exceed more than five per cent in both the locations.

Keywords

Pseudleptomastix mexicana, Parasitoid, Papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus.

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References

• Arnold J. 2001. Parasitic wasp could curb mealybug. ARS News and Information, United States Department of Agriculture, August 2001.
• Kauffman WC, Meyerdirk DE, Warkentin R, Alvarez P, Abud A. 2001. Biological control of papaya mealybug in the Caribbean safeguarding the US. Poster Presentation. International Organization for Biological Control, August 2–5, 2001, Bozeman, Montana.
• Kaushalya G, Amarasekare Catharine M, Mannion, Epsky ND. 2008. Host instar susceptibility and selection and interspecific competition of three introduced parasitoids of the mealybug Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Envi Ent. 39: 1506–1512.
• Mani M, Shivaraju C, Shylesha AN. 2012. Invasive papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus and its biological control – An overview. J Biol control 26(3): 201–216.
• Meyerdirk DE, Muniappan R, Warkentin R, Bamba J, Reddy GVP. 2004. Biological control of the papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Guam. Pl Prot Quarterly. 19(30): 110–114.
• Muniappan R, Meyerdirk DE, Sengebau FM, Berringer DD, Reddy GVP. 2006. Classical biological control of the papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in the Republic of Palau. Florida Entomol. 89: 212–217.
• Noyes JS, Schauff ME. 2003. New Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera) from Papaya Mealybug (Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink) (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Pseudococcidae). Proc Ent Soc Washington 105: 180–185.
• Shylesha AN, Rabindra RJ, Bhumannavar BS. 2011. Classical biological control of papaya mealybug (Paracoccus marginatus) in India. In The papaya mealybug Paracoccus marginatus (Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae) – Proceedings of the National consulation meeting on strategies for deployment and impact of the imported parasitoids of papaya mealybug, 30th October 2010, Bangalore, India, pp. 1–8.
• Wahundennya I, Wijesekara A, Bhandara KANP, Galaniha LD. 2009. Papaya mealybug control in Sri Lanka, Personal Communication.

• Evaluation of Two Species of Entomopathogenic Fungi against White Grub, Holotrichia consanguinea (Blanchard) Infesting Potato in Maharashtra, India

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Authors

M. S. Kulye ¹, D. S. Pokharkar ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, College of Agriculture, Pune 411 005, Maharashtra, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 23, No 1 (2009), Pagination: 1-4

Abstract

The efficacy of two entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana, against white grub, Holotrichia consanguinea infesting potato crop was studied under laboratory and field conditions. The estimated LC₅₀ of M. anisopliae and B. bassiana towards third instar larvae of H. consanguinea were 5.76 x 10⁵ and 7.50 x 10⁵ conidia ml^-1, respectively. The LT₅₀ of M. anisopliae and B. bassiana at the concentration of 8 x 10⁵ conidia ml^-1 against third instar larvae of H. consanguinea were 4.88 and 6.73 days, respectively. In field experiments, M. anisopliae @ 2 x 10¹² conidia ha^-1 was found to be effective with an average efficacy of 46.74%, while it was 41.32% in phorate 10G @ 25kg ha^-1. The maximum mycosis was recorded with the use of M. anisopliae (44.44%). The tuber infestation was statistically lowest (6.91%) and yield of marketable tubers highest (27.6t ha^-1) with the use of M. anisopliae as against 27.85% and 17.8t ha^-1 in untreated plot, respectively.

Keywords

Beauveria bassiana, Holotrichia consanguinea, Metarhizium anisopliae and Potato.

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References

• Abbott, W. S. 1925. A method for computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology, 18: 265-267.
• Ansari, M. A., Vestergaard, S., Tirry, L. and Moens, M. 2004. Selection of a highly virulent fungal isolate, Metarhizium anisopliae CLO 53, for controlling Hoplia philanthus. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 85: 89-96.
• Butt, T. M., Ibrahim, L., Clark, S. J. and Beckett, A. 1997. The germination behaviour of Metarhizium anisopliae on the surface of aphid and Xea beetle cuticles. Mycological Research, 99: 945-950.
• Beron, C. M. and Diaz, B. M. 2005. Pathogenicity of hypomycetous fungi against Cyclocephala signaticollis. Biocontrol, 50: 143-150.
• Chandla, V. K. 1985. Potato pests and their management. Indian Farming, 34: 31-32.
• Desai, M. T. and Patel, R. M. 1965. Some observations on the biology and control of white grub in soil (Holotrichia consanguinea Blanch.) affecting groundnut and cereals in Gujarat. Indian Journal of Entomology, 27: 89-94.
• Finney, D. J. 1964. Probit Analysis. A statistical treatment of the sigmoid response curve. 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press, London, 318 pp.
• Gomez, K. A. and Gomez, A. A. 1984. Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. 2nd Edn., John Wiley and Sons, New York, 680 pp.

• Mass Production of Dipha aphidivora (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera:Pyralidae), a Potential Predator of Sugarcane Woolly Aphid, in Shade Nets

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Authors

S. A. Ghorpade ¹, D. S. Pokharkar ¹, R. J. Rabindra ²

Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Pune-411005, Maharashtra, IN
2 Project Directorate of Biological Control, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore-560024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 21, No 2 (2007), Pagination: 297-300

Abstract

Mass production of Dipha aphidivora (Meyrick), a potential predator of sugarcane woolly aphid, Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner, was attempted in 'makeshift' type green shade nets of 40 and 50% mesh with temporarily installed bamboo frames by covering 6 and 7 months old sugarcane crop on small scale (25 m²). Seven-month-old sugarcane crop with 60-70% SWA infestation covered by 50% green shade net in bamboo frame of 5 × 5 m size yielded a maximum of 2700 larvae and pupae of D. aphidivora within 75 days.

Keywords

Dipha aphidivora, Mass Production, Shade Net, Sugarcane Woolly Aphid.

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• Management of Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) with Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner on Cabbage

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Authors

P. R. Palande ¹, D. S. Pokharkar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Pune, 411 005, Maharashtra, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 19, No 1 (2005), Pagination: 35-40

Abstract

Laboratory studies on parasitizing efficiency of Trichogmmmatoidea bactrae Nagaraja and bioassay of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, and field evaluation of these bioagaents alone and in combination were carried out against diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) on cabbage. The results indicated that the parasitism of T. bactrae was higher in the eggs of Corcyra cephalonica Stainton (91.36%) than P. xylostella (82.46%) while the adult emergence was more from parasitized eggs of P. xylostella (92.16%) than C. cephalonica (91.40%). The estimated LC₅₀ value of B. thuringiensis formulation Dipel 8L was 0.043 per cent. Field studies revealed that inundative releases of T. bactrae @50,000 adults/ha/release five times at weekly interval with two intermittent sprays of B. thuringiensis @ 1 litre/ha at 10 days interval commencing from 30 days after transplanting of cabbage resulted in minimum of 0.45 mean surviving larvae of DBM with 84.16 per cent reduction in larval number and maximum yield of 380.2 q/ha marketable cabbage heads, and proved to be the most effective.

Keywords

Bacillus thuringiensis, Cabbage, Corcyra cephalonica, Plutella xylostella, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae.

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• Biological Suppression of Potato Tubermoth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) with Exotic Parasitoids and Microbial Agents under Field and Storage Conditions

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Authors

D. S. Pokharkar ¹, R. R. Jogi ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture Pune 411 005, Maharashtra, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 14, No 2 (2000), Pagination: 23-25

Abstract

Investigations on bioefficacy of parasitoids and microbial agents against potato tubermoth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptcra: Gelechiidae) were carried out under field and storage conditions of potato during 1996-1997. The results showed that three sprays of endosulfan 0.05 per cent at 10 days interval proved to be the most effective and on par with four releases of Chelonus blackburni Cameron @ 15000 adults/ha/release at weekly interval,Copidosoma koehleri Blanchard @ 50000 adults/ha/lrelcase and Trichogramma chilonis Ishii @ 50000 adults/ha/releasc at weekly interval, and three sprays of Bacillus Thuringiensis Berliner @ 1 kg/ha at 10 days interval. Amongst the parasitoids, maximum parasitism was recovered through retrieval with C. blackburni (71.78 %), followed bye C. koehleri (69.39%) and T. chilonis (61.33%). Under storage conditions (Arnies), initial release of C. blackburni @ 2 adults/kg tubers recorded minimum tuber infestation (7.21 %) after 60 days.

Keywords

Bacillus thuringiensis. Chelonusb blackburni, Copidosoma Koehleri, Granulosis virus, Phthorimaea operculella.

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• Cross Infectivity Effects of Environmental Factors on the Infectivity of Granulosis Virus of Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae)

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Authors

D. S. Pokharkar ¹, V. P. Kurhade ¹

Affiliations
1 Entomology Section, College of Agriculture, Pune 411 005, Maharashtra, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 13, No 1&2 (1999), Pagination: 79-84

Abstract

Studies on granulosis virus (GV) of Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) were carried out to determine the LC₅₀, cross-infectivity and effect of sunlight, heat and rearing temperature on the infectivity. The LC₅₀ value of Phthorimaea operculella GV (PoGV) for the neonate larvae was 9.08 × 10⁴ occlusion bodies (Obs)/ml. The virus did not show cross-infectivity to other eleven lepidopterous insect species. The stability of GV was affected by sunlight, heat and rearing temperature. The virus could withstand exposure to sunlight for 4h without any significant loss of its infectivity. The infectivity gradually declined with increase in sunlight exposure period from 8 to 18h and total inactivation took place beyond 24h. The infectivity of PoGV was not affected significantly up to 40°C for 10 minutes exposure to heat and the thermal inactivation point (TIP) was in between 90 and 100 °C. Though the rearing temperatures of 20 to 35°C had no significant effect on infectivity of PoGV, rearing of the virus inoculated larvae of P. operculella at 25°C would be optimum for development of granulosis.

Keywords

GV, LC₅₀, Infectivity, Phthorimaea operculella.

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